What Is a Fireplace Damper and How Does It Work?
What Is a Fireplace Damper?
A fireplace damper is a small door located inside a fireplace that controls the airflow in the chimney.
It can be either a throat damper located at the base of the chimney or a chimney cap damper installed at the top.
Throat dampers are opened with a handle, crank, or chain inside the fireplace, while chimney cap dampers are opened with a chain.
These dampers prevent cold air from entering through the chimney and stop heated or air-conditioned air from being drawn out.
They are required by local building codes for safety reasons.
Dampers can be inspected by looking inside the chimney, feeling for air movement, or testing for upward draw.
Chimney cap dampers may require professional installation and can be checked from the outside.
Over time, dampers can warp or crack from heat and may need to be replaced, with the cost ranging from $200 to $400 for professional installation, plus the damper itself.
Key Points:
- A fireplace damper is a small door that controls airflow in the chimney.
- There are two types of dampers:
- Throat dampers located at the base of the chimney
- Chimney cap dampers installed at the top.
- Throat dampers are opened with a handle, crank, or chain inside the fireplace, while chimney cap dampers are opened with a chain.
- Dampers prevent cold air from entering through the chimney and keep heated or cooled air from being drawn out.
- Dampers are required by local building codes for safety.
- Dampers can be inspected by:
- Looking inside the chimney
- Testing for air movement
- Checking for upward draw.
- Chimney cap dampers may require professional installation and can be checked from the outside.
- Dampers may warp or crack over time from heat and may need to be replaced.
- Installation costs range from $200 to $400, plus the cost of the damper itself.
Did You Know?
1. Did you know that the concept of fireplace dampers dates all the way back to ancient Rome? The Romans were known to use metal plates or clay pots to cover the opening of the fireplace, regulating the flow of air just like modern dampers do.
2. In the 17th century, fireplace dampers played a crucial role in the development of the “Rumford Fireplace.” Count Rumford, an American-born British physicist, invented this innovative fireplace design with a narrower throat and a damper that improved the fireplace’s efficiency.
3. An unexpected and notorious damper-related incident occurred in the early 19th century. In 1814, during the burning of Washington D.C. by the British, the fireplace damper in the White House was left open, inadvertently fueling the flames and leading to the destruction of the building.
4. Some old fireplaces in historic homes have hidden secrets related to dampers. It was not uncommon for families to use their fireplace dampers as a means of communication during the Civil War. Secret compartments inside the damper mechanism were used to hide messages and small items between Union sympathizers.
5. Believe it or not, fireplace dampers have inspired inventors beyond the area of fireplaces. The concept of a damper has been adapted for various purposes, such as air ventilation systems and industrial components, showcasing the adaptability and influence of this seemingly simple device.
Types Of Fireplace Dampers
A fireplace damper is a small door inside a fireplace that opens and closes the chimney to control airflow.
There are two main types of fireplace dampers:
- Throat dampers: Located at the base of the chimney and opened by a handle, crank, or chain inside the fireplace. Made of cast iron or steel, these dampers snugly fit into the throat of the fireplace. When closed, they seal off the chimney, preventing cold air from entering and heated or air-conditioned air from escaping.
- Chimney cap dampers: Installed at the top of the chimney and opened with a chain that runs down to the fireplace. These dampers are often made of stainless steel and feature a cap that can be opened and closed. When closed, the damper forms an airtight seal at the top of the chimney, preventing drafts and pests from entering the house.
Throat Dampers: Location And Operation
Throat dampers are located at the base of the chimney and can be opened and closed using a handle, crank, or chain accessible from inside the fireplace.
To open the damper, simply pull the handle, crank, or chain towards you, lifting the damper and allowing air to flow freely through the chimney.
When you want to close the damper, push the handle, crank, or chain back towards the fireplace. This action lowers the damper and seals off the chimney, preventing air from entering or escaping.
Throat dampers are essential for controlling airflow, preventing unwanted drafts, and ensuring a clean and safe chimney by acting as a barrier against animals and debris.
Chimney Cap Dampers: Installation And Function
Chimney Cap Dampers:
Chimney cap dampers, as the name suggests, are installed at the top of the chimney, providing similar benefits to throat dampers but with the added advantage of being installed higher up.
Installation and Function:
The installation of a chimney cap damper can be a bit more complicated and may require professional assistance. It typically involves attaching the damper to a stainless steel cap that fits over the chimney’s top. A chain is connected to the cap, extending into the fireplace, allowing for convenient opening and closing of the damper from inside.
The function of a chimney cap damper is similar to a throat damper. When open, it enables the smoke and gases from the fire to escape through the chimney while preventing unwanted air from entering the house. On the other hand, when closed, it effectively seals off the chimney, keeping drafts, pests, and debris out.
4. Importance Of Properly Functioning Dampers
Properly functioning dampers play a crucial role in maintaining fireplace efficiency and safety. They serve several important purposes:
- Preventing cold air from entering through the chimney, which helps minimize drafts and keeps the living space warm.
- Conserving energy by preventing heated or air-conditioned air from being pulled out of the house through the chimney.
However, a malfunctioning damper can lead to various issues. For instance:
- If the damper is stuck in the open position, it allows cold air to enter the house, making it more challenging to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature.
- On the other hand, if the damper is stuck in the closed position, it impedes the proper flow of smoke and gases. This can increase the risk of a dangerous buildup of carbon monoxide in the home.
In summary, maintaining and promptly addressing damper issues is essential to ensure both the efficiency and safety of a fireplace.
Safety Requirements: Building Codes And Damper Installation
Local building codes often require the installation of a fireplace damper for safety reasons. The presence of a damper helps prevent the backflow of gases into the living space, protecting occupants from potential health hazards.
When considering a new damper installation or replacement, it is crucial to consult local building codes to ensure compliance. Professional installation is typically recommended to ensure the damper is correctly installed and properly functioning.
The cost of professional installation for a new damper can vary but usually falls within the range of $200 to $400. This cost does not include the price of the damper itself, which can vary depending on the specific type and features.
Damper Inspection And Maintenance
Regular damper inspection and maintenance are essential to ensure optimal performance and prolong the lifespan of the damper. Several methods can be employed to inspect the damper’s condition.
Firstly, a visual inspection can be conducted by looking inside the chimney with a flashlight. Look for any signs of warping, cracking, or damage to the damper. Additionally, feel for air movement in the firebox to identify potential gaps or leaks.
A simple test can also be performed by lighting a piece of paper under the chimney to check for upward draw. If the smoke is well drawn up the chimney, the damper is likely in good condition. However, if there is little or no upward draw, it may indicate a damper malfunction that requires further examination.
For chimney cap dampers, inspection can be done by looking outside the chimney. Check for any visible signs of damage or misalignment.
In the event that a damper is found to be damaged or not functioning correctly, it may need to be replaced. Damper replacement should be done by a professional to ensure proper installation and functionality.
In conclusion, fireplace dampers play a crucial role in controlling airflow and ensuring the efficiency and safety of a fireplace system. Throat dampers located at the base of the chimney and chimney cap dampers installed at the top are the two main types available. Properly functioning dampers prevent cold air from entering and heated or air-conditioned air from escaping. Local building codes usually require damper installation for safety reasons. Regular damper inspection and maintenance are necessary to identify any issues and prolong the lifespan of the damper.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the purpose of a fireplace damper?
The purpose of a fireplace damper is to control the airflow in the chimney and maintain the desired temperature inside the home. When the fire is not burning, the damper seals the chimney to prevent cold air from entering and keep the interior warm. Moreover, dampers play a crucial role in ensuring that smoke produced by the fire is directed away from the living space. It is important to open the damper before starting a fire to allow the smoke to escape through the chimney, preventing it from filling the room.
Do you need a damper in a fireplace?
Yes, a damper is an essential component of a fireplace. It plays a crucial role in venting smoke and preventing debris, animals, and weather elements from entering the fireplace. By maintaining a properly functioning damper, you can ensure the cleanliness and safety of your fireplace, ultimately saving time and money that may otherwise be spent on cleaning and maintenance.
What is a fireplace damper vs flue?
A fireplace damper and flue are distinct components that work together to regulate the airflow in a chimney. The flue serves as the passage within the chimney that funnels the gases produced by the fireplace out of your house. On the other hand, the damper controls the opening and closing of the flue, allowing you to adjust the draft and control the heat output of the fire. While the flue acts as the chimney’s internal tunnel, the damper acts as the gateway that grants or restricts access to the flue.
What kind of damper for fireplace?
When it comes to selecting the right damper for your fireplace, it ultimately depends on your specific needs and preferences. Throat dampers, which are located just above the firebox, are the traditional choice for many fireplaces. They are designed to control the airflow and prevent heated air from escaping up the chimney when the fireplace is not in use.
On the other hand, top-sealing dampers are installed at the top of the chimney. These dampers provide a more effective seal, preventing drafts and reducing energy loss when the fireplace is not in use. Additionally, top-sealing dampers can also help prevent critters and debris from entering the chimney.
Ultimately, the decision between throat dampers and top-sealing dampers depends on factors such as energy efficiency, ease of use, and personal preference. Consider consulting with a professional to evaluate the specific needs of your fireplace and make an informed decision.
