What Temperature Will Kill Citrus Trees and How to Protect Them

What Temperature Will Kill Citrus Trees?

The temperature that will kill citrus trees varies depending on the species and variety.

Citron, lemon, and lime trees are the most susceptible to freezing weather and can be severely damaged or killed at temperatures in the high 20s.

Sweet oranges and grapefruits require temperatures in the mid 20s to incur major damage to large branches.

Tangerines and mandarins can withstand temperatures as low as the low 20s without significant wood damage.

Satsuma and kumquat trees have the greatest cold hardiness and can survive temperatures as low as 20 degrees Fahrenheit without appreciable wood damage.

It is generally recommended to protect citrus trees when temperatures are expected to go below 27 degrees for an extended period.

The critical temperature for citrus trees is that of the leaf or fruit, not the ambient air temperature.

Key Points:

  • Temperature that will kill citrus trees varies depending on species and variety
  • Citron, lemon, and lime trees most susceptible to freezing weather and can be severely damaged at temperatures in high 20s
  • Sweet oranges and grapefruits incur major damage to large branches at temperatures in mid 20s
  • Tangerines and mandarins can withstand temperatures as low as low 20s without significant wood damage
  • Satsuma and kumquat trees have greatest cold hardiness and can survive temperatures as low as 20 degrees Fahrenheit without wood damage
  • Citrus trees should be protected when temperatures are expected to go below 27 degrees for extended period

Did You Know?

1. The temperature that can kill citrus trees varies depending on the citrus variety, but most citrus trees are sensitive to temperatures below 28 degrees Fahrenheit (-2 degrees Celsius).

2. Citrus trees can tolerate brief exposure to temperatures as low as 20 degrees Fahrenheit (-6 degrees Celsius), but if sustained for longer periods, it can cause severe damage to the tree and even result in its death.

3. The critical temperature at which citrus tree tissue can be damaged and potentially killed is usually around 25 degrees Fahrenheit (-4 degrees Celsius) during the dormant period, and around 28 degrees Fahrenheit (-2 degrees Celsius) during the active growth period.

4. Young citrus trees are more vulnerable to cold temperatures than mature ones. While larger and more established citrus trees can withstand colder temperatures, young trees are more likely to be killed if exposed to the same temperature.

5. Factors such as wind, humidity, and duration of low temperatures can significantly affect the ability of citrus trees to survive. For instance, even if the temperature doesn’t drop below the critical point, a combination of cold temperatures and strong winds can lead to frost damage and ultimately kill citrus trees.

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Susceptibility Of Citrus Trees To Cold Temperatures

Citrus trees are susceptible to cold temperatures and can be damaged or killed by freezing weather. They are commonly grown in subtropical and tropical regions, where the climate is warmer. However, when exposed to extreme cold, these trees can suffer severe damage. The extent of the damage depends on several factors, including:

  • Species and variety of the citrus tree: Some varieties are more cold-tolerant than others.
  • Temperature reached: The lower the temperature drops, the higher the risk of damage.
  • Duration of the cold spell: Longer periods of freezing temperatures increase the likelihood of harm.
  • Tree’s age and health: Young or unhealthy trees are more vulnerable to cold damage.
  • Hardening or conditioning: Adequate preparation and care, such as providing extra protection or insulation, can help citrus trees withstand colder temperatures.

During freezing conditions, it is important to take precautions to protect citrus trees. This can include covering them with blankets or tarps, using heat sources like heaters or incandescent lights, or even moving potted trees indoors. By taking these measures, the risk of damage to citrus trees can be minimized, ensuring their continued health and productivity.

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Impact Of Freezing Weather On Citrons, Lemons, And Limes

Among the different types of citrus trees, citrons, lemons, and limes are the most vulnerable to freezing temperatures. When temperatures drop to the high 20s Fahrenheit (-2 to -3 degrees Celsius), these plants can be killed or severely damaged. The freezing point for citrus fruits is typically around 26 to 28 degrees Fahrenheit (-3 to -2 degrees Celsius), and if these temperatures persist for several hours, the citrus fruits can easily freeze.

Temperature Thresholds For Damage To Different Citrus Varieties

The temperature thresholds for damage to citrus trees vary depending on the variety. Sweet oranges and grapefruits, for example, require temperatures in the mid 20s Fahrenheit (-4 to -6 degrees Celsius) to incur major damage to large branches. Tangerines and mandarins, on the other hand, are hardier and can withstand temperatures as low as the low 20s Fahrenheit (-6 to -7 degrees Celsius) without significant wood damage. Satsuma and kumquats have the greatest cold hardiness and can tolerate temperatures as low as 20 degrees Fahrenheit (-7 to -8 degrees Celsius) without appreciable wood damage.

  • Sweet oranges and grapefruits: mid 20s Fahrenheit (-4 to -6 degrees Celsius) for major damage to large branches
  • Tangerines and mandarins: low 20s Fahrenheit (-6 to -7 degrees Celsius) without significant wood damage
  • Satsuma and kumquats: 20 degrees Fahrenheit (-7 to -8 degrees Celsius) without appreciable wood damage.

“The temperature thresholds for damage to citrus trees vary depending on the variety.”

Cold Hardiness Of Tangerines, Mandarins, Satsuma, And Kumquats

In terms of cold hardiness, tangerines, mandarins, satsumas, and kumquats are relatively resilient. Tangerines and mandarins can withstand temperatures as low as the low 20s Fahrenheit (-6 to -7 degrees Celsius) without significant wood damage. Satsuma and kumquats, on the other hand, have the greatest degree of cold hardiness and can withstand temperatures as low as 20 degrees Fahrenheit (-7 to -8 degrees Celsius) without appreciable wood damage.

  • Tangerines and mandarins can withstand temperatures as low as the low 20s Fahrenheit (-6 to -7 degrees Celsius) without significant wood damage.
  • Satsuma and kumquats have the greatest degree of cold hardiness and can withstand temperatures as low as 20 degrees Fahrenheit (-7 to -8 degrees Celsius) without appreciable wood damage.
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Factors Affecting Freezing Tolerance And Protection Of Citrus Trees

Several factors can affect the freezing tolerance and protection of citrus trees. It is important to note that the critical temperature for citrus trees is that of the leaf or fruit, not the ambient air temperature. Leaf temperature can be several degrees below air temperature on cold, clear nights with little wind movement due to supercooling caused by frost.

Furthermore, the health and condition of the tree play a significant role in its ability to withstand cold weather. Trees with a good fruit crop are generally less hardy than those with no fruit. Rootstock choice can also influence cold-hardiness.

Research data from Louisiana State University suggests that trees growing on bare ground have a higher probability of survival compared to those growing in turf areas. Therefore, providing proper care and maintaining healthy growing conditions can enhance the cold-hardiness of citrus trees.

To protect citrus trees from cold temperatures, it is generally recommended to take action when temperatures are expected to go below 27 degrees Fahrenheit (-2 to -3 degrees Celsius) for an extended period. However, it’s important to note that no immediate action is needed when freeze injury is suspected. Pruning should also be avoided until spring growth begins to prevent stimulating bud activity before the danger of additional frost has passed.

In colder climates, precautions can be taken to protect citrus trees. Some methods include:

  • Growing against a brick wall or in a sheltered area
  • Growing within a hedge with no root competition
  • Growing in pots and moving them to a warm position during colder months or to a greenhouse during winter
  • Mulching the roots to retain warmth
  • Avoiding root disturbance
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While citrus trees are considered subtropical plants and can tolerate a temperature range of 13°C to 38°C, it’s important to note that cold-hardiness varies among different species and varieties. Kumquats are the most cold-hardy species and can withstand temperatures as low as -8.8°C. Mandarin trees can tolerate temperatures down to -5.5°C, with ‘Satsuma’ even able to handle -7.7°C. Oranges and grapefruit can tolerate temperatures down to -5°C, lemons down to -3.3°C, and limes down to -2.2°C.

“Understanding the temperature thresholds at which citrus trees can be damaged and taking appropriate measures to protect them can help ensure their survival in cold weather conditions.”

By considering factors such as freezing temperature reached, duration of minimal temperature, hardening or conditioning of the plant, age, and health of the trees, citrus enthusiasts can enjoy healthy and thriving trees even in regions with colder climates.


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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the lowest temperature a citrus tree can handle?

Citrus trees possess varying levels of cold hardiness. Certain types, such as sour oranges and grapefruit trees, can endure temperatures as low as 20ºF without significant harm. However, lemon, lime, and citron trees are less resilient and may sustain damage when exposed to temperatures lower than 25ºF.

How hot is too hot for citrus?

Citrus fruits, including lemons, thrive in temperatures between 70-100 degrees. However, when the thermometer soars above 103 degrees, it’s a different story. At this point, lemon trees inhibit their growth and photosynthetic activities, entering a state of dormancy. Prolonged exposure to such extreme heat can even lead to fruit drop, reminding us that for citrus, there is indeed a limit to how hot is too hot.

What temperature is good for citrus fruit?

Citrus fruit thrive in temperatures that fall within a specific range. Generally, a temperature range of 21°C to 32°C is considered ideal for the growth of oranges, which are a type of citrus fruit. However, it is important to note that the specific temperature requirements can vary among different species and varieties of citrus. Therefore, it is crucial for growers to consider the unique needs of each type of citrus fruit when determining the best temperature conditions for optimal growth and productivity.

What weather do citrus fruits like?

Citrus fruits thrive in moderate temperatures, preferring a climate that ranges from 28° to 32° C for optimal growth and productivity. Temperatures below 12° C or above 45° C hinder shoot elongation and may negatively impact the fruit’s development. Therefore, a temperate climate with a consistently warm temperature range is ideal for citrus fruit cultivation.

References: 1, 2, 3, 4

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